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Phonographic Performance Limited, commonly known as PPL, is a UK-based music licensing company and performance rights organisation founded by Decca and EMI in 1934. As of 2012 PPL collected royalties for 65,000 performers and 10,000 record companies.〔PPL Annual Review 2012, Page 3: http://ppluk.com/Documents/PPL%20AGM/2013/PPL_AR2012_online%20Annual%20Review.pdf〕 Its field of operation is distinct from the Performing Right Society, now called PRS for Music, founded in 1914, which originally collected fees for live performance of sheet music.〔Globalization of Services: Some Implications for Theory and Practice - Page 174 Yair Aharoni, Lilach Nachum - 2000 "In 1997, a 'Music Alliance' joint venture was formed with the older performing right society PRS (founded in 1914) giving publishers a de facto overall control over both performance and mechanical rights collection (and distribution) in the UK."〕〔Popular music and society - Page 39 Brian Longhurst - 2007 "The three types of right identified in figure 1.5 are sometimes further grouped into performing and mechanical. The Performing Right Society (PRS), which was founded in 1914, is the principal collecting agency for performing Right Basis for "〕 ==History== PPL was formed in May 1934 by the record companies EMI and Decca Records, following a ground-breaking court case against a coffee shop in Bristol. The coffee shop, Stephen Carwardine & Co, had been keeping its customers entertained by playing records. EMI, then called The Gramophone Company, argued it was against the law to play the record in public without first receiving the permission of the copyright owners. The judge agreed, establishing this as a legal principle. EMI and Decca formed Phonographic Performance Ltd (PPL) to carry out this licensing role and opened the first office in London. The Copyright Act 1956 led to the expansion of PPL's role to also cover the licensing of broadcasters that played recorded music. Further copyright law changes in 1988 strengthened PPL's licensing position. In 1996, performers were given the rights to receive 'equitable remuneration' where recordings of their performances were played in public or broadcast – leading to PPL paying them royalties directly for the first time. Performer organisations PAMRA and AURA merged with PPL in 2006,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ppluk.com/About-Us/Who-We-Are/Company-history/ )〕 leading to an annual meeting and dedicated board specifically for performers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phonographic Performance Limited」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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